اردو میں پڑھنے کے لیۓ یہاں دبائیں
Sawaal az : mohtaram janaab Kashish Ibne Zahir Hussain Sb. (Agra)
Assalamu'Aaleyka Bhai,
Roze ke mutaliq (waqt) kisi Masoomeen ۴ ke hawale se koi hadees mulahiza farmaye.
Name - Kashish Ibne Zahir Hussain
From - Agra.
Jawaab :
باسمه تعالی
یا صاحب الزمان ادرکنا
علیکم السلام و رحمة الله و برکاته
Sawaal waazeh nahi hai, shaayad is sawaal ka maqsad roza iftaar karne ke waqt ke baare me hai
Is silsile me aayat aur hadis molaaheza farmaa len :
" ... اَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ اِلَى اللَّيْلِ ... "
" ... roza ko raat tak pura karo ... "
(Baqarah aayat 187)
tamaam musalmaanon ka is baat par eittefaaq hai ke fajr (subhe saadiq) se ghorub tak roza rakhna waajib hai
lekin "Lail" yaani raat ka waqt kab se shuru hota hai ? is hawaale se shia aur sunni foqaha aur mofasserin ke darmeyaan aekhtelaaf hai
Shia foqaha ka nazariyah :
shia foqaha ke darmeyaan mash'hur hai balke yun arz karun ke aksar shia foqaha ka maanna hai ke raat ke mohaqqaq (saabit wa yaqini) hone me ghorube aaftaab kaafi nahi hai balke ghorube aaftaab ke baad mashriq ki surkhi ka zaa'ael hona bhi zaruri hai
dar haqiqat mashriq ki laali ka zaa'ael hona is baat ki alaamat wa neshaani hai ke suraj ka gola dub gaya hai
agar maan len ke waqte iftaar ke jaanch yaa parakh ka meyaar ghorube aaftaab hai, lekin aham sawaal ye hai ke ye kaiyse maalum karen ke suraj dub gaya hai ? ba'alfaaze digar ghorube aaftaab ki tasdiq kaiyse karen ?
jawaab waazeh hai, ghorube aaftaab ke waqt ofuq par nomudaar hone waali surkhi ka zaa'ael hona ghorube aaftaab ki alaamat hai
in dono yaani suraj dubne aur mashriq ki surkhi zaa'ael hone ke darmeyaan taqriban 15 se 20 minute tak ka faasela hai
sirf suraj ke ghorub hone se ham ko itminaan nahi hota ke raat ho gaei hai, itminaan wa yaqin kab hota hai ? jab mashriq ki surkhi zaa'ael ho jaa'ae
Mazkurah baala baaton ka natija ye hai ke :
Khoda ne farmaaya :
"roza ko raat tak pura karo"
raat ka yaqin kab hota hai ? ba'alfaaze digar raat ka aaghaaz kab hota hai ? jab mashriq ki surkhi zaa'ael ho jaa'ae yaani taqriban 15 - 20 minute ke baad
makhsusan pahaadi aelaaqon aur shahron me yaqin ke liae mashriq ki surkhi ka zaa'ael hona zaruri hai keyon ke pahaadi aelaaqon me jahaan zamin nichi ounchi hai yaa shahron me badi aemaarat hone ki wajah se wahaan suraj negaahon se ojhal ho jaata hai lekin haqiqat me wahan suraj ghorub nahi huaa hota hai
lehaaza iftaar ka shar'ei waqt sirf ghorube aaftaab nahi balke mashriq ki surkhi zaa'ael hona, yaani ghorube aaftaab ke taqriban 15 se 20 minute baad hai
Hadis :
is baab wa masaa'ael ke mota'alliq ahaadis bahot hain, sirf aek hi rewaayat par eiktefa karta hun
Imaam Saadiq (علیه السلام) ka irshaade geraami hai :
" وَقْتُ سُقُوطِ الْقُرْصِ وَ وُجُوبِ الْإِفْطَارِ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ أَنْ تَقُومَ بِحِذَاءِ الْقِبْلَةِ و تَتَفَقَّدَ الْحُمْرَةَ الَّتِي تَرْتَفِعُ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَإِذَا جَازَتْ قِمَّةَ الرَّأْسِ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْإِفْطَارُ وَ سَقَطَ الْقُرْصُ "
Tarjomah wa mafhum :
suraj ghorub hone aur roza iftaar karne ka waqt ye hai ke qibla ki taraf rukh kar ke khade ho kar ous surkhi ko talaash karo, ous ka pata lagaao jo mashriq ki taraf se oupar aati hai, chunaanche jab wo surkhi maghrib ki jaanib sar ke oupar se guzar jaa'ae to iftaar (roza kholna) waajib ho jaa'ae ga aur suraj ghorub ho gaya hai "
(Foru'ae kaafi - jild 4 - safha 100 - hadis 1 - baab : waqtul iftaar)
Sunni foqaha ka nazariyah :
aksar sunni foqaha aur muftiyon ka maanna hai ke roza iftaar karne ka waqt ghorube aaftaab hai, suraj ghorub hote hi yaani bela taakhir iftaar kar lena chaahi'ae
waazeh rahe ke Omar aur Ousmaan ke baare me namaaze maghrib ke baad roza iftaar karne ka tazkerah milta hai
Darj zail hadis molaaheza farmaa'aen :
" أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وعُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ، كَانَا يُصَلِّيَانِ الْمَغْرِبَ، حِينَ يَنْظُرَانِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَا. ثُمَّ يُفْطِرَانِ بَعْدَ الصَّلاَةِ. وَذلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ "
"Beshak Omar Bin Khattaab aur Ousmaan Bin Affaan, ramzaan me ous waqt maghrib ki namaaz padha karte the jab iftaar karne se pahle seyaah raat dekh lete the (yaani wo ofoq par ghorube aaftaab ke waqt mashriq ki taraf dekhte the) phir namaaz ke baad iftaar kiya karte the"
ye hadis beraadaraane sunni ki mota'addid aur motabar kotube hadis me maujud hai, ham sirf aek hi ketaab ke hawaale par eiktefa karte hain
(Mowatta Maalik Mohaqqiq Mohammad Mustafa - jild 3 - safha 411 - taalif Maalik Bin Anas - naashir Moassasa Zayed Bin Sultan Aale Nahyan ... Abu Dhabi Emirat)
is hadis se saaf maalum hota hai ke Omar aur Ousmaan seyaah raat ko dekh lene aur maghrib ki namaaz ke baad roza iftaar karte the aur oun ka ye maamul raha hai
lehaaza payrawi wa eit'tebaa'ae sunnat aur sirate khalifa ki niyat se sunni bhaa'eiyon ko ghorube aaftaab ke baad iftaar me taakhir karna chaahiae, iftaari jaldi nahi karna chaahiae
Kuchh sunni mufti kahte hain :
iftaar me taakhir karna yahudi aur eisaaei ka kaam hai, setaaron ke zaahir hone tak intezaar karte hain jis se nojum parasti ka shaa'aebah payda hota hai lehaaza iftaari me jaldi karna chaahiae
mai muftiyon se puchhta hun ke Omar aur Ousmaan ke baare me aap ka keya khayaal hai ?
yaa apne oun foqaha aur mohaddesin ke baare me keya khayaal hai jo is moa'male me aehteyaat ke qaa'ael hain
Qaazi Aeyaaz sunniyon ke azim mohaddis wa faqih aur aek naam'war mosannif the, oun ka shumaar fiqh ke akaabire foqaha me hota hai, sunni ketaabon me likha hai Aeyaaz Bokhaari aur 4 imaamon ke ham' palla the
Qaazi Aeyaaz shion ki taraf jhuti baat ki nisbat de kar oun ko kaafir kahte aur likhte the
waqte iftaar aur ghorube aaftaab ke mota'alliq oun ka ye qaul molaaheza farmaa len :
" بِأَنَّهُ قد لَا يتَّفق مُشَاهدَة عين الْغُرُوب، ويشاهد هجوم الظلمَة حَتَّى يتَيَقَّن الْغُرُوب بذلك فَيحل الْإِفْطَار "
"Kabhi ghorube aaftaab ka moshaahada karne ka eittefaaq nahi hota lekin taariki chhaa jaane ka moshaahada ho jaata hai, yahan tak ke ous se ghorub ka yaqin ho jaa'ae, to phir ous waqt iftaar jaa'aez hai
(Aekmaalul Molim Lefawaa'aede Muslim Al-maaruf ba Sharho Sahih Muslim Lilqaazi Aeyaaz - jild 4 - safha 35 - taalif Qaazi Aeyaaz - naashir Daarul Wafa ... Misr - ye sahih muslim ki sharh aur imaam Maazari ki mash'hur sharhe Muslim "Al-molim befawaa'aede sahih muslim" ka takmela hai)
Kholaasa'ae kalaam ye hai ke :
ye waazeh hai ke sirf suraj ke ghorub hone se raat mohaqqaq aur yaqini nahi hoti, yaa ous waqt raat ka tahaqquq aur eidraak mushtabah hai, aur ye qat'ei hai ke raat ka yaqin ous waqt hoga jab mashriq ki surkhi, jo ghorube aaftaab ke waqt ofuq par nomudaar hoti hai wo insaan ke sar ke oupar se guzar jaa'ae
Khoda'wande Aalam ka farmaan hai :
" ... roza ko raat tak pura karo ... "
lehaaza jab tak raat ka yaqin na ho jaa'ae roza iftaar nahi karna chaahiae aur raat ka yaqin kab hoga ? jab ghorub ke baad mashriq ki shurkhi zaa'ael ho jaa'ae
is ki taa'eid aur tasdiq olamaa'ae sunni ke aqwaal aur ous rewaayat se bhi hoti hai jis me Omar aur Ousmaan ke baare me raat ki taariki aur namaaze maghrib ke baad roza iftaar karne ka tazkerah hai
shia aehteyaat par amal karte hain, suraj ghorub hote hi roza iftaar nahi karte balke taqriban 15 ya 20 minute intezaar aur taakhir karte hain taa ke raat ka yaqin ho jaa'ae
ta'ajjub to oun logon par hota hai jo aehteyaat ko pase pusht daal kar chand minute ki khaatir apna roza mashkuk banaate hain
jab ke aehteyaat ka daaman na chhodna aur mohtaat rahna aql ka taqaaza hai
Note :
rewaayaat ke motaabiq namaaze maghrib aur iftaar ka waqt aek hi hai, suraj dubne ke baad jab mashriq ki surkhi khatm ho jaa'ae to maghrib aur iftaar ka waqt hai
والسلام
Syed Shamshad Ali Katokhari
khaadim-e-edaara-e-darul itrat Azim Aabaad / Patna - shoba-e-sawaalaat Qum / Iran
10 / Maahe Ramzaan / 1444 H.Q
Yakta wa yagaana khaatun, Rasule Khoda ki mahbub biwi, Oummul Momenin Hazrat Khadija (سلام الله و صلواته علیهم) ka yaume wafaat
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